CCTV and Your Kasambahay: What Philippine Law Allows | MaidProvider.ph

A Human+ Deep Dive

Your CCTV is watching her.
Here's where the law says it has to stop.

Security is legitimate. Dignity is non-negotiable. The line between them is clearer than most households think — and it runs room by room.

The camera nobody talks about

Most Metro Manila households with a kasambahay also have cameras. Almost none have had the conversation about them. Families install CCTV for reasons that are entirely legitimate — package theft, child safety, elderly parents, the front gate at 2 AM. And the person most watched by those cameras is usually the person who lives and works inside the frame all day: the household professional.

The industry avoids this topic because it implicates everyone. We're raising it because both sides deserve to know exactly where the law stands. It turns out the rules are neither vague nor burdensome — they mostly ask for two things: the right locations, and honesty.

Four laws are already in your living room

Republic Act 10361 · Batas Kasambahay

Her privacy is guaranteed — at all times

Section 7 of the Batas Kasambahay states that respect for the privacy of the domestic worker "shall be guaranteed at all times" and extends to her communications and personal effects. This is the foundation: your kasambahay does not surrender her privacy by working in your home. The law treats her private moments, messages, and belongings as protected — everywhere, always.

Source: Republic Act No. 10361 (Lawphil)

RA 10173 · Data Privacy Act + NPC Circular 2024-02

The household exemption — and its edges

The National Privacy Commission's current CCTV rules (NPC Circular No. 2024-02) generally do not regulate cameras used for personal, family, or household affairs. So a purely domestic security camera usually sits outside the NPC's CCTV regime. But the exemption has edges: it can fall away when footage captures beyond the private residence, when it's disseminated widely, or when processing affects people outside the household relationship. A kasambahay lives and works inside the home — so the careful household treats the exemption as a starting point rather than a license, and borrows the Circular's principles anyway: visible notice, a legitimate purpose, proportionate placement, limited access, and disciplined retention. They cost nothing and settle the question.

Source: NPC Circular No. 2024-02 (privacy.gov.ph)

Republic Act 9995 · Anti-Photo and Video Voyeurism Act

Some rooms carry criminal exposure

RA 9995 criminalizes capturing images of a person's private areas, or of a person undressing, without consent, in circumstances where privacy is reasonably expected. A camera in a bathroom, a changing area, or pointed at the space where your kasambahay sleeps and dresses is where household surveillance stops being a civil-law question and can become a criminal one. The same law criminalizes sharing such material — regardless of who recorded it.

Source: Republic Act No. 9995 (Lawphil)

Republic Act 4200 · Anti-Wiretapping Act

Audio is a different law

Many modern cameras record sound. RA 4200 makes it unlawful to record private communications without authorization from the parties — a law written in 1965 that applies with full force to a microphone your kasambahay doesn't know about. Notice alone is weaker than what the statute asks for: it requires consent, and video and audio surveillance are legally different acts. The safe household position: if your cameras record audio, disclose it and obtain written consent — or disable audio entirely.

Source: Republic Act No. 4200 (Lawphil)

The room-by-room map

Put the four laws together and the map of your own home draws itself:

Where cameras stand — room by room

Gates, driveway, perimeter, entrancesClearly legitimate security purposes, minimal privacy intrusion. This is what CCTV is for.
Living room, kitchen, common areasLawful in your own home — with disclosure. These are also her workplace, so she should know the cameras exist, where they are, and why.
!
Children's rooms and nurseriesA judgment call that belongs to the parents — and a disclosure obligation to the yaya who works there. If she spends her day in that room, she is entitled to know she's on camera in it.
Her sleeping quartersOff-camera. RA 10361 guarantees her privacy at all times, and this is where she sleeps, dresses, and keeps her personal effects. Treat her room the way you'd treat your own.
Bathrooms and any place a person undressesNever — for anyone. This is RA 9995 territory, and it carries criminal exposure.
Secret audio, anywhereRecording private conversations without consent runs into RA 4200. If your cameras have microphones: disclose and get written consent — or disable audio entirely.
A camera she knows about is a safety measure. A camera she discovers is a betrayal — and possibly a case.

Disclosure changes everything

Notice is the through-line in all four laws — and it's also just how you'd want to be treated. The strong household practice: tell her on day one, walk her through where the cameras are and why, and put it in writing in the employment agreement. The NPC expects CCTV operators generally to make surveillance visible and known; the same principle inside your home converts the camera from a trap into a shared security measure. Many kasambahay, told plainly, are glad the cameras exist — footage protects the innocent worker from false accusations at least as often as it protects the family.

The footage is her data too

What happens to recordings matters as much as where cameras point. Three disciplines, borrowed from the NPC's playbook and from basic decency: keep footage only as long as its security purpose needs (set a retention habit — many systems overwrite in 15–30 days, which is usually enough); restrict who views it to the adults responsible for household security; and never share clips of her to group chats or social media — including the "funny" ones. Her image at work, in the place where she also lives, is not content. Sharing it can pierce the household exemption, and if a clip is intimate in nature, RA 9995 criminalizes the sharing itself.

Both sides of the door

We screen every candidate we introduce — the Security Double-Lock™, source-verified documents, employer calls — because families deserve verified trust. This essay is the same standard pointed the other way: the professional entering your home deserves verified dignity. Cameras done right serve both. The gate is watched, the child is safe, the worker is protected from false accusations, and nobody is being filmed where they sleep.

Security and dignity were never opposites. In a well-run household, they're the same policy.

Quick answers

Frequently asked

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Is CCTV legal in a home with a kasambahay?Yes — common-area cameras for security are lawful. Location, disclosure, and footage handling decide whether they stay lawful: her privacy is guaranteed under RA 10361, bathrooms and undressing areas are RA 9995 territory, and audio needs consent under RA 4200.
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Can I put a camera in her room?Her sleeping quarters are off-camera — it's where she sleeps, dresses, and keeps her personal effects, all protected at all times under RA 10361.
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Do I have to tell her about the cameras?Tell her on day one, in writing. For audio, go further: written consent, or disable it. Disclosed cameras protect both sides.
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Can I share clips of her to group chats?Treat footage of her as her personal data. Keep it for its security purpose, restrict who views it, delete on a schedule — and keep it out of group chats and social media.

This essay explains Philippine law in plain language for general information. It isn't legal advice, and specific situations — a dispute, an incident, a planned installation you're unsure about — deserve advice from counsel who knows the facts.

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— The Human+ Standard

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